http://hdl.handle.net/2268.2/25243 Sun, 25 Oct 2026 12:51:24 GMT 2026-10-25T12:51:24Z http://hdl.handle.net/2268.2/27539 Title: Vers un streaming plus équitable : dans quelle mesure les modèles de plateformes de streaming alternatives parviennent-ils à garantir du "fair streaming" ? Abstract: Depuis le début des années 2010, l’industrie musicale a achevé sa transition de la possession matérielle vers le modèle de l'accès illimité. Porté par des acteurs commerciaux tels que Spotify, Apple Music ou Deezer, le streaming représente désormais près de 90 % des revenus de la musique enregistrée. Si ces formules par abonnement forfaitaire (all-you-can-eat) ont permis de relancer les recettes globales du secteur après la crise du disque, elles ont également instauré les mécanismes d'un capitalisme de plateforme contraignant pour la création. Le modèle de redistribution au “pot commun” (pro-rata), le pouvoir de négociation des grandes maisons de disques et l'opacité des algorithmes de recommandation favorisent une concentration disproportionnée des gains vers une minorité d'artistes au détriment de la diversité culturelle et de la scène indépendante. Face à ces limites structurelles, le concept de fair streaming (streaming équitable) propose de repenser la diffusion musicale. En s'appuyant notamment sur les principes de l'économie substantive de Karl Polanyi, il vise à replacer l'infrastructure numérique au service d'une rémunération juste des créateurs, de la neutralité technologique et du contrôle démocratique de l'outil. C'est dans ce cadre que s'inscrit ce travail, guidé par la question de recherche suivante : « Vers un streaming plus équitable : dans quelle mesure les modèles de plateformes de streaming alternatives parviennent-ils à garantir du “fair streaming” ? ». Afin de répondre à cette problématique, la démarche se déploie à travers trois étapes interdépendantes. La première partie, consacrée au cadre théorique et à la revue de littérature, retrace l'évolution historique du secteur depuis l'apparition du format MP3 et analyse les dérives du modèle dominant. Elle définit ensuite le concept de fair streaming à travers trois dimensions clés : la refonte des modèles de rémunération (distinction entre pro-rata, système centré sur l'utilisateur - UCPS et tarifications à l'acte), la transparence algorithmique face aux biais d'exposition, et les logiques de gouvernance partagée. Elle établit enfin une grille d'analyse appliquée à huit initiatives alternatives. La seconde partie expose le dispositif méthodologique qualitatif et inductif retenu pour confronter ce cadre conceptuel au terrain. Elle détaille la conduite des entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès des fondateurs et développeurs de trois plateformes clés (Spozz, Mirlo, Funkwhale), l'intégration de données secondaires sur d'autres projets du secteur (Faircamp, Ampwall, Resonate), ainsi que les critères de codage et les limites méthodologiques rencontrées. La troisième partie présente l'analyse empirique des cas multiples. Elle examine les réponses concrètes apportées par le terrain, qu'il s'agisse de la mise en place de modes de rémunération alternatifs, de la protection des données et des œuvres face aux risques liés à l'IA générative, ou des choix d'organisation interne. Cette section propose enfin une synthèse comparative et modélise, sur la base des enseignements retenus tout au long de ce travail, les principes fondamentaux d'une plateforme équitable idéale. Sun, 30 Aug 2026 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2268.2/27539 2026-08-30T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2268.2/27490 Title: HOW DO DIRECT MANAGERIAL BEHAVIORS SHAPE EMPLOYEES¿ ENGAGEMENT IN PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES WITHIN HOSPITALITY ORGANIZATIONS, AND HOW IS THIS INFLUENCE PERCEIVED, INTERPRETED AND NEGOTIATED IN EVERYDAY WORK? A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY OF HOTELS IN MOROCCO Abstract: This study examines how managerial behaviors encourage employees’ engagement in pro-environmental practices within hospitality organizations. It focuses on how direct and operational managers translate environmental expectations into everyday work, how employees interpret these managerial actions, and how operational and organizational conditions shape their effects. The research adopts a qualitative, interpretive, multiple-case study design based on two hotels belonging to the same hospitality group in Morocco: Kenzi Tower Casablanca and Kenzi Rose Garden Marrakech. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with six operational managers and eight employees from Front Office, Housekeeping, Food & Beverage, and Maintenance. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings show that managerial influence is conditional rather than automatic. Four interrelated processes were identified. Translation refers to converting broad sustainability objectives into concrete job-specific decisions. Compatibility work involves aligning environmental expectations with professional standards such as service quality, cleanliness, speed, and guest satisfaction. Situated credibility depends on managers demonstrating appropriate timing, fairness, and understanding of operational realities. Closing the feedback loop refers to ensuring that employee observations and suggestions lead to visible responses, which helps sustain voluntary initiative. The study also shows that direct managers operate within important organizational limits, including equipment, resources, guest expectations, performance pressures, and higher-level decisions. At Rose Garden, Travelife certification strengthened the visibility and formalization of sustainability practices but could also encourage procedural compliance when their practical meaning was not made clear. Overall, the study contributes a process-oriented understanding of managerial influence and suggests that hospitality organizations should make environmental expectations concrete, operationally compatible, and supported by visible organizational responses. Keywords: employee green behavior; managerial behavior; pro-environmental practices; hospitality management; employee engagement; qualitative case study. Sun, 30 Aug 2026 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2268.2/27490 2026-08-30T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2268.2/27484 Title: Comment l'implication des membres dans les coopératives peut-elle contribuer à instaurer une démocratie économique dans un contexte de décroissance ? Abstract: The growth imperative structuring contemporary capitalism is increasingly contested, both for its ecological and social limits and for leaving market forces alone to decide what should be produced, consumed or developed. Degrowth perspective responds by calling for a planned, democratic reduction of production and consumption, which requires extending democracy beyond politics into the economic sphere itself. Cooperatives, through principles such as “one member, one vote” and collective ownership, are often presented as organizations well suited to this economic democracy, yet their legal form alone does not make them degrowth organizations: this depends on how genuinely and how broadly members are involved. This thesis asks how member involvement in cooperatives can contribute to economic democracy from a degrowth perspective. To answer this, the study combines an academic literature review with a qualitative investigation based on 14 semi-structured interviews with administrators, workers and producer-founders across five cooperatives. The findings show that cooperatives provide a framework favorable to economic democracy, but that their democratic potential depends on the quality, diversity and continuity of members’ involvement. Participation extends beyond formal governance bodies through additional spaces for discussion and decision-making, although maintaining active and diverse participation remains a constant challenge. The study also finds that several cooperative practices are compatible with degrowth or post-growth organizations. Growth is generally viewed as a means to support the cooperative’s social purpose rather than as an objective in itself. Overall, cooperatives can contribute to the democratization of the economy and a post-growth transition, but they cannot achieve these transformations alone. Their potential remains dependent on organizational choices, the broader economic and political context, and their ability to maintain meaningful member participation. Sun, 30 Aug 2026 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2268.2/27484 2026-08-30T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2268.2/27020 Title: Exploring Interdependencies Between Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Economic Sectors: A Reverse Approach to Double Materiality in Sweden's Boreal Forests. Abstract: Forests cover about a third of the global land area and provide society with essential ecosystem services, but are under increasing pressure. Despite growing corporate engagement with sustainability, this progress is not reflected in the state of the planet, where ecological decline continues. Existing frameworks cannot resolve this micro-macro disconnect: firm-level frameworks, such as the double materiality assessment (DMA) required under the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), are too narrow to capture how entire sectors interact with a shared ecosystem, while global frameworks are often too broad to reflect an ecosystem's specific conditions within its national context. This thesis addresses that gap by proposing a Reverse DMA. Rather than starting from a single organisation, the analysis is grounded in the ecosystem itself, Sweden's boreal forests, mapping the material impacts and dependencies of Swedish sectors on it, following the ESRS E4 biodiversity and ecosystems standard. Using a semi-systematic review of peer-reviewed literature, grey literature, and corporate sustainability reports, evidence was coded against the ESRS E4 framework for five sectors: Forestry and Wood Products, Mining, Energy, Agriculture and Food, and Tourism and Recreation. The findings reveal that Forestry, Mining, and Energy are impact-dominant sectors, primarily through land conversion, habitat fragmentation, and pollution. Agriculture and Tourism are dependency-dominant, relying on ecosystem services such as reindeer forage, berry harvests, water and climate regulation, and recreational and cultural value. Beyond identifying and rating these interdependencies, the thesis finds a systematic underrepresentation of the dependency dimension, both in the available evidence and in the structure of ESRS E4 itself. This work offers a meso-level, ecosystem-centred complement to firm-level DMAs and global frameworks: a shared reference point for how sectors depend on and affect Sweden's boreal forests, and a clear avenue for future research on this underdeveloped dimension of sustainability reporting. Sun, 30 Aug 2026 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2268.2/27020 2026-08-30T22:00:00Z