Data driven governance : hypothèse d'application à l'état des modèles big data déployés par le secteur financier

Abstract

We live in a world overwhelmed by data. The increasing quantity of data which is impacting the way we live and do business is called “Big Data”. Because of the amount of data they possess, the Big Data revolution is a great value-generating opportunity for at least three sectors: banking, insurance and public governance. In this context, we study the possibility of a Data Driven Governance. We wonder whether the State would be able to use Big Data to improve its governance and public services in the same way the bank and the insurance company use Big Data to generate profits. To answer this question, we divide our work in three parts. Firstly, we define Big Data. Although this concept is new, scientists and technology leaders agree that Big Data is characterised by at least three “Vs”: Volume, Variety and Velocity. They also agree on the fact that using Big Data analytics can create a lot of value. However, that implies important technical challenges for companies willing to manipulate Big Data. Furthermore, after studying its sources, its tools and its overall impact on the economy and society, we underline that Big Data also presents risks which should not be neglected. Secondly, we study the impact of Big Data on the financial sector, more precisely on the banking and insurance sectors. After analysing each sector individually, we summarise the Big Data revolution in the bank and the insurance company through four trends: personalisation, predictability, optimisation and objectification. Thirdly, we transpose these four trends to the public governance sector in order to study the impact of Big Data on governments. This allows us to evaluate the possibility of a Data Driven Governance, i.e. a State using Big Data to personalise its services towards the citizen, to predict and prevent fraud and threats, to optimise the way the administration and the country work as well as to make decision-making process and judgment more objective. To conclude, our answer to the question of a Data Driven Governance is: yes, but... Yes, the State can use Big Data to improve its governance in the same way the financial sector uses it to generate profits. Yet, some important questions arise, the more crucial one being: can “Big Data” become “Big Brother” and “Data Driven Governance” become “Data Driven Dictatorship”?