To what extent do specific features of self- tracking technologies impact psychological well-being, focusing on body image concerns and self-esteem?

Abstract

Self-tracking technologies have gained tremendous popularity in recent years as tools to encourage healthier lifestyles. While prior empirical research has highlighted the benefits these technologies can offer, growing concerns have emerged regarding their potential negative psychological effects on users. This thesis therefore investigates the extent to which self-tracking technology usage affects psychological well-being, specifically focusing on body image concerns and self-esteem. More precisely, it examines the impact of specific self-tracking features, namely fitspiration content, behavior change techniques, and gamified and social design, on these outcomes. Through an experimental quantitative study (N = 186), participants were exposed to one of three self-tracking technology features or to a control condition to assess whether certain features are more likely to exacerbate negative psychological outcomes. Additionally, the moderating effects of usage intensity and usage motivation were explored to better understand how individual differences influence these outcomes. Findings revealed no significant differences in body image concerns or self-esteem levels across the different self-tracking technology features. In addition, the moderating role of usage motivation could not be confirmed. However, higher usage intensity was associated with greater body image concerns in certain feature conditions, suggesting that individual engagement patterns may play a critical role in shaping users’ psychological responses. Based on these insights, this study outlines implications for managers, policymakers, and health insurers, acknowledges its key limitations, and proposes directions for future research.