Étude comparative des souches de Clostridioides difficile circulant chez l'Homme et dans la filière bovine

Abstract

This work aims to compare the different PCR-ribotypes of Clostridioides difficile found in the bovine sector as well as in European and North American hospitals in order to draw up a geographical profile. As the PCR-ribotypes 014, 020, 027, 012 and 126 are found in humans but also in cattle, it is imaginable that these are zoonotic like the PCR-ribotypes 010 and 078 which have already been incriminated for their potential zoonotic capacity. If the zoological aspect of C. difficile were demonstrated, humans could be contaminated in different ways, either by direct contamination and passage of bacteria from cattle to humans, or by transfer of a resistance gene. By comparing different antibiotic resistances of the strains isolated in humans and in animals, it was concluded that the resistance to metronidazole observed in humans does not come from the bovine sector. However, Clostridioides difficile in cattle is often resistant to four other antibiotics also used in humans: clindamycin, erythromycin, moxifloxacin and tetracycline, suggesting that unreasonable use of these antibiotics in bovine medicine could be origin of antibiotic resistance in humans.