L'impact des simulies sur la santé des bovins et leurs productions : évolution d'un ennemi redoutable en Belgique suite au changement climatique

Abstract

The first part of this work is devoted to the description of the main biological characteristics of blackflies. Thus, the recognition of these diptera thanks to particular morphological features, the different stages of their life cycle but also their natural behaviors, are key points for the understanding of the continuation of this work. The second part will respond to the first objective. Indeed, it will describe the pathogenesis as well as the external and internal lesions caused by the blackflies bites. All this without forgetting the different diseases that can be transmitted by these vectors. The consequences on the overall health of cattle as well as on the production losses of the affected animals will be analysed. Thereafter, the different means of control existing against blackflies will be exposed. Finally, the last part is going to decribe the facts that took place last April, when 3 cows died following a massive attack of blackflies. This last very important step will meet the second objective, thanks to the balance between the Belgian climate analysis and those of the countries frequently affected by epidemics. It will also assess the future risk of further attacks based on predictions of climate change over the next 100 years. The analysis of other factors favorable to the development of blackflies, such as water pollution, will also be discussed.