Master thesis and internship[BR]- Master's thesis : State-of-the-Art Custom and Model Predictive Control Steering Algorithms for Control Moment Gyroscope Clusters[BR]- Internship

Abstract

This thesis presents an in-depth study of steering algorithms for clusters of Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs), focusing on enhancing satellite agility in the competitive landscape of the New Space era. As Earth observation missions become increasingly vital, the need for more agile satellites—capable of rapidly acquiring multiple targets—has grown. While CMGs have proven effective on platforms like the International Space Station (ISS), their adoption in the commercial sector has been limited due to the complexities and singularities inherent in their control laws. Over the years, various steering algorithms have been developed to manage these singulariities and ensure robust performance. This work critically compares the most recognized algorithms and introduces custom adaptations to address known challenges and enhance overall performance. The VEO Control Steering Logic (VCSL),co-developed with the company is proposed as a hybrid solution, integrating the strengths of state-of-the-art algorithms to optimize both singularity avoidance and escape. Beyond traditional steering logic, this thesis explores the potential of Model Predictive Control (MPC) as a higher-level solution for singularity management. By predicting and optimizing control inputs over a future horizon, MPC can inherently avoid singularities during complex manoeuvres. Two MPC variants were developed: Mode 1, a non-linear MPC, and Mode 2, a convex MPC designed to leverage the computational benefits of convex optimization. While both approaches show promise, Mode 1 outperforms Mode 2 in terms of pointing accuracy, though the latter offers significant advantages in computational efficiency and robustness of the numerical optimization. The results demonstrate the potential for these advanced steering algorithms to significantly improve the operational capabilities of satellites equipped with CMGs, paving the way for more agile, responsive, and capable spacecraft in the commercial space sector.