Mécanisme d'action et efficacité de la thérapie laser en médecine vétérinaire : quelle place dans la prise en charge des hernies discales canines ?

Abstract

Photobiomodulation is a therapy that uses the properties of monochromatic, coherent light to generate beneficial biological effects. The mechanism of action involves photoreceptors, located in the mitochondria, that absorb photons and stimulate cellular reactions. This accelerates electron transfer, leading to increased ATP production, regulation of ROS, and promoting NO release. These changes result in anti-inflammatory, decongestant, pain-relieving, and tissue-regenerating effects. The effects can be adjusted based on laser parameters, including wavelength, power density, dose, and exposure time. In cases of disc herniation, spinal cord damage can occur, leading to varying symptoms depending on the location and severity of compression. Laser therapy may be beneficial here, as it could reduce inflammation, edema, pain, and oxidative stress, present in disc herniation, while also promoting axonal regeneration. Scientific literature shows promising but mixed results, likely due to variations in laser settings, patient factors, and clinical conditions. Comparing my protocol with the machine’s preset programs, and analyzing acute versus chronic case settings, reveals that the device offers generally reliable protocols but lacks precision compared to theoretical standards. Photobiomodulation is an interesting adjunct therapy for disc herniation due to its low cost, ease of use, and non-invasive nature. However, the lack of standardized protocols makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about its effectiveness. Still, current evidence suggests potential benefits, supporting its use in early-stage canine disc herniations, post-surgery recovery, or when surgery isn’t possible. More research is needed to understand the mechanism of action in more detail, and to etablish precise, standardized protocols.