Geometallurgical Characterisation of a Mixed Oxide-Silicate and Sulphide Copper Ore

Abstract

This study is part of a collaborative project between University of Liège, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P) and Ohod Mining Company (OMC), aimed at improving the processing of copper ores from the Bouizagane deposit, located in the Anti-Atlas region of Morocco. This region is recognised for its polymetallic copper–silver mineralisation and represents a promising area for future mining development. Building on previous geometallurgical investigations, this work seeks to design an optimised mineral processing flowsheet adapted to the mixed copper ore of Bouizagane.

To achieve this objective, a comprehensive geometallurgical characterisation of the ore was carried out. The methodology includes rigorous sample preparation, particle size classification, and detailed chemical analyses to determine the elemental composition across size fractions. In parallel, a mineralogical study was conducted to identify the principal gangue and ore minerals, quantify their proportions, and validate the results through cross-correlation of analytical techniques. Particular emphasis was placed on determining the modal mineralogy of copper, distinguishing between oxide, silicate and sulphide phases.

Furthermore, the study examines mineral liberation and mineral associations as a function of particle size, which are critical parameters for selecting appropriate processing routes. Based on these results, optimal liberation size, separation methods, and recovery strategies were evaluated. The outcomes of flotation tests were then used to propose an efficient processing flowsheet, integrating comminution, classification, and separation stages. Ultimately, this work provides a scientific basis for improving copper recovery from the Bouizagane deposit while ensuring economic and technical feasibility.