Formulation d'un biofertilisant à base de déchets organiques ménagers et de déjections animales en vue de sa vulgarisation

Abstract

In Benin, as in many developing countries, soil fertility loss is seriously threatening agricultural production in general and urban and peri-urban market gardening production in particular. Despite all efforts in extension, fertilization is still an uncontrolled practice by producers who use synthetic fertilizers excessively. This study aims to solve the problem by enhancing organic fertilizers such as poultry droppings, rabbit droppings and organic household waste compost. The objective of this study is therefore to formulate a biofertilizer from the combination of these different fertilizing materials and to popularize it. Thus, the cultivation of Solanum macrocarpon was chosen to be grown on an enriched soil of those various organic substrates. A complete random block system consisting of 6 objects repeated 5 times has therefore been set up, namely, poultry manure (T1), rabbit manure (T2), organic household waste compost (T3), compost-Poultry manure (T4), compost-rabbit manure combinations (T5) and the control without fertilizer (T0), to see the effects of those different fertilizers on the growth parameters of Solanum macrocarpon. The results of this experiment showed that all the fertilizers have a positive effect on the growth parameters of Solanum macrocarpon. The compost-poultry combination showed better results among all the objects as far as growth parameters are concerned. An analysis of the leaves samples of Solanum macrocarpon revealed the presence of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic at higher or lower levels, thus demonstrating the risk of poisoning to consumers of market gardening crops in Benin.