Les leucémies chez le chien et le chat : une étude rétrospective à partir des 17 cas examinés à la Clinique Vétérinaire Universitaire de Liège de décembre 2013 à juillet 2019

Abstract

Leukemias are hematopoietic malignant diseases. They are uncommon in small animals seen at the veterinary clinic. They are characterized by an anarchic proliferation and development of myeloid or lymphoid cells in the bone marrow. These neoplastic cells may end up in the peripherical blood or invade other organs. Depending on the stage of cell differentiation and the clinical behavior, leukemia will be acute or chronic. An acute leukemia is characterized by the cell’s aggressive behavior, more than 20% of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow and possible spreading in the blood stream. These cells remain at an immature stage. Chronic leukemia is characterized by a mature cell clone proliferation, with a more progressive behavior. Theoretically, the final diagnosis is based on multiple tests results : hematologic test, myelogram, cytochemical and immunohistochemical staining. The subjects for this study were recruited among the known cases at the University Veterinary Clinic of Liège from December 3013 to July 2019. This study addressed 17 feline and canine, including 10 acute and 7 chronic leukemias. The treatment was given on a case by case with a poly-chemotherapy protocol (CHOP), composed of Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine and Prednisolone.