Heredity of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs

Abstract

Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the most common cardiac congenital malformation in dogs. Screenings of the affected dogs highlight recurrent breeds, strongly suggesting genetic disorders to be the cause of said defect. The pathophysiological process is well known and the treatment keeps being developed with high-end devices, however the question of transmission is still unclear. Therefore genetic detecting tests are not even discussed yet.

Objectives: The first purpose of this synthesis is to reveal the genetic component of PDA by finding dogs' bloodlines (breeds and families) in which the defect is considerably present. Furthermore, an accurate description of the ductal closure mechanism at the molecular and genetic levels will lead to genes which can then be investigated for potential mutations. A highlight of those involved genes represents the second objective.

Methods: The literature has been mostly reviewed in Pubmed database and the OMIA website (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals). Data have been gathered and interpreted to attempt to identify the genetic origin of PDA.

Results: Females and purebred dogs, especially German Shepherd and small breeds such as Pomeranian, Miniature Poodle, Bichon Frise and Chihuhua are the most affected by PDA. It is also found in some families and in case of inbreeding across generations. The pathology occurs when the balance between relaxation and contraction of the VSMCs (Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells) is jeopardized.

Key words: patent ductus arteriosus, genetic/inheritance, dog, breed