Challenges and opportunities for SMES of implementing circular economy practices : case study of five craft-breweries of the walloon region

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to share a first level of perception in the integration of circular economy practices among five breweries in the Walloon Region. To support the empirical research of this thesis, a literature review based on the perception of various scholars was conducted. This first academic synopsis helped to bridge the gap between theory and reality, leading to the identification of three crucial points of analysis for this thesis: The circular practices among the sector; the barriers for their implementation; and finally, the potential enablers for a faster transition to a more sustainable economy. Methodology/approach: A total of five case studies were conducted. Interview guides were created to gather information and to collect a thorough list of views and insights on how circular economy is perceived on the ground. A semi-directive questionnaire was elaborated to serve as a solid basis of analysis to frame the problematic. The wide range of possibilities induced by this type of questionnaire offered the interviewees a seamlessly freedom of thought and reflection on the nature of this problematic. The retorts obtained coined a comprehensive understanding of the perception that these leaders have of circular economy practices, as well as the barriers and enablers of this field. Findings: Several areas were identified for potential circular practices implementation. The second part of the findings provide evidence that the adoption of circular economy practices depend on several barriers, such as, lack of financials, consumer behavior, lack of awareness from the leaders and consumers. Another key finding was the common problematic induced by the returnable bottle system. Finally, key enablers were discovered to tackle these challenges, such as circular economy labeling, standardizations of bottle shapes, raising awareness over social responsibility of the SME leaders, as well as key insights for better performing legislation from the Walloon Region. Practical implications: This paper provides a first circular economy framework for brewers, Walloon Region policymakers and finally for the Belgian brewer’s federation. Revealing key insights for common issues faced by implementing circular economy practices, barriers highlighted for their employment, and possible enablers for tackling such issues.