Comment évaluer la performance d'une "Smart City" ? Elaboration d'une liste d'indicateurs de performance

Abstract

Nowadays, the world must face to new human development challenges. Indeed, the urbanization in the world reached a rate of approximately 50% (Eurostat, 2014). It means that more than the half of the world population is living in urban areas. But it is not all, this percentage is expected to grow to 66% by 2020 (Eurostat, 2014). This increasing concentration of people leads to new urban and social problems. The concept of “smart city” is based on this problematic. The “smart city” concept is undeniably buzzing. This theory attracts the attention of politicians, citizens, businessmen and academic people. Every city wants to be “smart” and focuses more and more on this tendency. The “smart city” is clearly a major concern to which the city of tomorrow will face. The problem about that is that the theory connected with this concept is vague and unclear. Since then, how is it possible to know if a city is “smart” or not? How can the city measure its performance? Is there any tool to do that? Cities need to have answers to these questions if they want to become a “smart city” or to improve their “smartness”. This is where this Master thesis takes part. The goal of this dissertation was to establish a mean to know if a city could be called “smart” or not and to provide tools to measure its performance on this field. In this case, tools imply key performance indicators (KPI). In order to do that, the concept of “smart city” has been redefined in accordance with the existing theory. It was necessary to begin the study on a stable basis. To be perfectly clear, concepts of performance and KPI have also been introduced. Then the actual theory about performance and indicators about “smart city” has been collected. Afterwards a qualitative research has been undertaken. An expert panel from every sector has been interviewed to collect information and to compare it to the literature review. At the end of the thesis, a solution to know if a city is smart or not and performing or not has been proposed. This proposition is a set of key performance indicators. The solution is not perfect. It is rather an improvement clue for the future.