Travail de fin d'études / Projet de fin d'études : Benchmark d'ACV dans les premières phases de conception pour les bâtiments résidentiels et tertiaires et calcul des coûts environnementaux

Abstract

The construction sector is responsible for more than a third of greenhouse gas (GWP) emissions into the environment. It contributes significantly to energy consumption, the use of natural resources and the production of waste. This awareness of environmental issues has motivated governments and standardization bodies to take measures to encourage sustainable construction to reduce the environmental impacts of buildings. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has proven to be an essential tool for comprehensively and comprehensively assessing the environmental impact of a building throughout its life cycle. However, setting environmental performance targets and interpreting LCA results remains a challenge for designers and customers due to the huge amount of information to process. In addition, it is once the building is constructed that the LCA intervenes, this with a view to certification.

The objective of this end-of-study work is therefore to develop, from the French LCA database E+/C-, an interactive tool to help with early design (benchmark) which will also make it possible to estimate the monetary cost of environmental impacts. This benchmark was carried out for residential buildings (collective and individual) and tertiary (offices and schools). From a statistical analysis, reference values (target, average and limit values) are obtained to identify during design, construction and energy systems having a significant environmental impact compared to others, this in the goal of optimizing the design and reducing environmental impacts and costs using the MMG method. The collective building chosen for the case study allowed the verification and validation of the process of creating the benchmark tool and the results obtained.