Travail de fin d'études[BR]- Travail de recherche personnel[BR]- Travail d'expertise interdisciplinairePerceptions des ménages et des acteurs institutionnels sur la gestion des déchets domestiques dans la ville de Conakry (République de Guinée): Analyse comparative

Abstract

With rapid urbanization and the exponential increase in the amount of household waste produced, combined with the consumption patterns of a society where everything is thrown away, public authorities and decision-makers are faced with enormous difficulties in managing waste. In particular, behavioral resistance and consolidation of unhealthy habits. In our contemporary societies, waste has become a political issue and its management necessarily involves several actors, including institutions and households. It is a social problem that affects every inhabitant. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen waste management policies in order to limit their negative consequences on the environment and the living conditions by involving more grassroots communities. The objective of this paper is to analyze the perceptions of households and institutional actors on the management of domestic waste in the city of Conakry; in order to better understand the reasons for the presence of garbage in nature, the difficulties encountered in the DSM and make recommendations to improve the current system. To this end, we conducted a survey among 280 households in the commune of Ratoma and 100 institutional actors in Conakry. We used R, Excel and QGIS software to analyze the data. The results show a statistically significant association between perceptions and socio-demographic factors such as age, education level, marital status and economic activities. Communication and awareness-raising strategies need to be adapted at each level. Regarding the difficulties encountered by households in waste management, the results mainly relate to the non-respect of contracts by SMEs, the isolation of certain neighborhoods, the lack of sanctions in the face of the notorious incivility of the population. Households cite the risk of diarrheal diseases due to water contamination and respiratory diseases due to the noxious fumes from the burning of the landfill. Above all, they recommend the landfill be removed as soon as possible. AI, on the other hand, point to the increased risk of flooding due to the obstruction of rainwater drainage channels. The comparative analysis also showed that households have a strongly negative perception of the policy, while political actors have a contrary opinion, even if they too do not fully appreciate the policy. In the light of the results of this study, we believe that it is imperative for the public authorities to strengthen communication, improve the policy implementation, relocate the main recycling center in the capital Conakry as soon as possible, involve communities more in the decision-making process and ensure that policies are tailored to local needs, a more participatory and transparent approach can solve the problem.