Identification des pratiques d'économie circulaire dans le secteur agroalimentaire de la pomme au sein des PME wallonnes.

Abstract

Our current "take-make-dispose" economic model (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2013) is unsustainable in a world with limited resources. The agri-food sector, responsible for about one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions (European Council, n.d.), is under scrutiny. Europe’s Green Deal and Farm to Fork strategy highlight the urgency for change. This study focuses on the apple sector, one of the most consumed fruits globally, with over 95.8 million tons produced in 2022 (FAOSTAT, 2023). It aims to identify circular practices and barriers within this sector. The research question is: "What circular economy practices are used by Walloon SMEs in the apple sector, and what challenges do they face?" A case study of six companies was conducted using Eisenhardt’s (1989) methodology. Potting et al.’s (2017) model was used to identify circular practices, while Kirchherr et al.’s (2018) framework for barriers. Findings show that while all companies pursue circular strategies, none stand out, with all balancing environmental impact and business viability. Barriers to circularity are context-specific, with market challenges being the most significant. This research encourages collaboration within the industry and offers insights to support both current and future enterprises. It also provides guidance for policymakers, emphasizing consumer awareness and the need for support in packaging, energy costs, and subsidies. The circular economy is well-established in Wallonia’s apple sector, with a promising future driven by dedicated stakeholders.