Etude et développement d'une méthode d'extraction d'hydroxyapatite à partir d'os animal

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite is a type of calcium phosphate which is the major constituent of bones, teeth and enamel. Its extraction from biowaste is increasingly used thanks to its advantages as compared with its synthetic counterparts (biocompatibility, cost, minerals, …) in some fields, notably in bone grafting.

Therefore, this thesis focuses on the extraction of this material from bovine bones by means of a sub-critical hydrothermal treatment in aqueous medium. Several parameters were studied such as temperature, solution or time of exposure in order to optimize the quality and quantity of the extracted hydroxyapatite.

Nonetheless, as the bones used came from a butchery, they had to be cleaned, and so we applied a boiling process in alkaline medium in order to remove flesh, fat and bone marrow without degrading the mineral structure. Thus, the pre-processing was also studied.

Subsequently, after the extraction of the hydroxyapatite, the powder retrieved from the process was modelled by grinding and calcination. After all, in order to assess its quality, it was compared with the commercial powder.