Enjeux de gestion liés aux camions autonomes et solutions d'adaptation à la soustraction du chauffeur.

Abstract

Although often seen as a socio-economic revolution, the autonomous truck still has a long way before its implementation on roads. The integration of high levels of autonomy into embedded driving systems must be achieved through technological advances. However, technological aspect is not the only obstacle to the advent of autonomous truck. Management issues come with the implementation of the autonomous truck. In order to ensure the penetration of this technology on the market when it will be available, these management issues must be solved. The first aim of this current study is to review the management stakes that may arise around the autonomous truck concept. This review addresses the issues from several points of view~: legislative, liability, insurance, safety, ecological, economic, connectivity, infrastructure, truck use, social and adaptation to driver deletion. This last aspect is developed in the following work. Research is carried out to gather the tasks and operations that the driver has to carry out in order to ensure the mission of his transport. Several types of truck are studied. A categorisation of these tasks is then carried out in order to associate potential solutions to them. The modifications that have to be done to the truck are determined in order to reduce the driver's dependency. A solution of truck remote control system is considered. It allows a teleoperator to take control of the truck when the autonomous driving system cannot deal with a complex area. The categorisation also leads to consideration of which kinds of truck are more or less likely to have their drivers removed when they become autonomous. Based on different cost elements determined for each kind of truck, a cost model is developed. It computes and compares the cost per kilometre for a truck in its conventional and autonomous versions. The calculation of cost evolution is implemented according to the downtime and the distance between each loading and unloading. It brings to consider the range where the autonomous truck leads to reduce the cost per kilometre and, therefore, to determine which kinds of truck are more likely to become autonomous.