Pratiques des entreprises pour réduire les coûts énergétiques : cas des organisations en Belgique.

Abstract

This master memory presents some of the practices that companies in all sectors need to put in place to reduce their energy consumption and, as a result, decrease their energy bills. This topic was chosen following the energy crisis that the world has been experiencing recently and which has had an impact on economic agents, particularly companies. So we wanted to think about what structures could do to avoid the worst. The first part of this dissertation is the theoretical approach, which was carried out thanks to a series of literatures on energy and the energy crisis, and also thanks to the official websites of actors and organizations directly or indirectly linked to the issues relating to our subject. We began by looking at the three main forms of energy to understand the causes of their price rises, then approached the aspect of energy transition in order to define it, list them and find out about the objectives of this transition at European and Belgian level. Next, we analyzed the impact that this crisis has had on certain business-related concepts such as inflation, raw materials and managerial choices. Finally, we presented the practices for reducing energy costs, which we divided into three sub-groups: practices reserved for the operational center, the hierarchical line and the strategic summit. We also set out the support measures at European, federal and Walloon level. These measures are designed to help companies in difficulty and also to grant facilities and tax advantages to companies that are embarking on their energy transition. Based on this literature, we have put forward a series of 6 hypotheses that should be confirmed or not. To this end, in part 2 we carried out a quantitative study using an online questionnaire on a sample of almost 105 people. The results were analyzed, interpreted and discussed. At the end of the scientific and empirical analysis we carried out on this subject, we concluded that the energy crisis, which is an important issue in the production and survival of organizations, has necessitated a structural reorganization in certain companies. On the basis of the hypotheses put forward, tested and confirmed, this reorganization will undoubtedly make it possible to achieve energy savings and, in turn, reduce energy costs.