L'intelligence artificielle conversationnelle : autonomie ou dépendance ?

Abstract

In a context marked by constant technological evolution, artificial intelligence (AI), and particularly conversational AI, is playing an increasingly significant role. This technology, which enables interaction in natural language, offers numerous advantages such as quick responses to user inquiries and ease of access to the tool. Conversational AI also enhances business efficiency. However, despite these benefits, conversational AI raises important questions about its impact on users. On one hand, it can foster a sense of autonomy by allowing individuals to access information or solve problems quickly and independently. On the other hand, excessive or poorly managed use could lead to dependence on this technology. These questions, although less visible than its immediate advantages, are crucial for understanding the implications of this technology. This research explores the potential effects of conversational AI on fostering a sense of autonomy or, conversely, creating dependency among users. To address this issue, a qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 11 participants to gather their perceptions and experiences on the subject. The results reveal nuanced perceptions. Indeed, participants highlight the benefits of AI but also express concerns about its potential negative impacts. Their responses shed light on an awareness of the risks associated with problematic use of this technology, particularly in terms of the illusion of autonomy as well as cognitive and emotional dependency. This study underscores the need to deepen our understanding of the potential negative impacts of conversational AI while considering the conditions for its responsible and thoughtful adoption.